According to Klein, humans have at least 9 grand Sources of Power. They include storytelling, metaphor, and intuition. They also include rationality (Kahneman’s more deliberate “System 2”), although in highly dynamic environments where time is short and information is imperfect, rationality quickly falls apart. And, over long stretches, rationality gets tired while intuition remains.
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Gary Klein
...There are quite a few other techniques that I would broadly lump broadly into this category. Each could have their own essay, and some already do. Here are a few examples:
Knowing when to stop and fix something.
Knowing how to prioritize between competing priorities.
Knowing when to move on from a passage.
Knowing when practicing under- or at-tempo would be (in)effective....
“Pearson has managed a feat here by succinctly building on Klein’s earlier definition but expanding it to include a range of conscious activity that can be performed on and around the unconscious activity. Malcolm Gladwell famously called our subconscious ‘the locked door,’ but on Pearson’s account, there might be a few ways to slide some paper under the door, or to put an ear to the door for some helpful signals.”
…With this view of the classroom came other ideas: that students are empty vessels to be filled; that students just need to sit still in order to learn…. However, even as the Wachowskis were writing, selling, and filming The Matrix, the first stirrings of a new milieu around human cognition and music education… these new ideas portrayed students… as capable (en)actors and co-creators of knowledge and skill…
. There are at least three categories of activity to think through on paper when aiming at professional reflection:
What worked/didn’t work this time?
What should we work on next rehearsal/class?
What should I work on in the meantime to improve my rehearsal technique/teaching?




